For other uses, see Swallow (disambiguation). ?Swallows and Martins Welcome Swallow Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae Vigors, 1825 Genera Many, see text. The swallows and martins are a group of passerine birds in the family Hirundinidae which are characterised by their adaptation to aerial feeding. Swallow is also used in Europe as a synonym for the Barn Swallow. This family comprises two subfamilies: Pseudochelidoninae (the river martins of the genus Pseudochelidon) and Hirundininae (all other swallows and martins). Within the Hirundiniae, the name martin tends to be used for the squarer-tailed species, and the name swallow for the more fork-tailed species; however, there is no scientific distinction between these two groups. They have adapted to hunting insects on the wing by developing a slender streamlined body, and long pointed wings. Like the unrelated swifts and nightjars, which hunt in a similar way, they have short bills, but a wide gape. Mud nests made by swallows. Their feet are designed for perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. Many species have long tails. Swallows typically build mud nests close to overhead shelter in locations that are protected from both the weather and predators. Many cave and cliff dwelling species of swallow nest in large colonies. In historical times, the introduction of man-made stone structures such as barns and bridges, together with forest clearance, has led to an abundance of colony sites around the globe, significantly increasing the breeding ranges of some species. Birds living in large colonies typically have to contend with both ectoparasites and conspecific nest parasitism. Old males benefit most from coloniality, since they are able to maintain their own nests and benefit from frequent extra-pair copulations. Subfamily Pseudochelidoninae (river martins) Pseudochelidon African River Martin Pseudochelidon eurystomina White-eyed River Martin Pseudochelidon sirintarae Subfamily Hirundininae (all other swallows & martins) Psalidoprocne Square-tailed Rough-winged Swallow Psalidoprocne nitens Cameroon Mountain Rough-winged Swallow Psalidoprocne fuliginosa White-headed Rough-winged Swallow Psalidoprocne albiceps Black Rough-winged Swallow Psalidoprocne pristoptera Fanti Rough-winged Swallow Psalidoprocne obscura Eastern Saw-Wing (Swallow) Psalidoprocne orientalis Black Saw-Wing (Swallow) Psalidoprocne holomelaena Pseudhirundo Grey-rumped Swallow Pseudhirundo griseopyga Cheramoeca White-backed Swallow Cheramoeca leucosternus Phedina Mascarene Martin Phedina borbonica Congo Martin Phedina brazzae Riparia Brown-throated Sand Martin Riparia paludicola Congo Sand Martin Riparia congica Sand Martin Riparia riparia Pale Martin Riparia diluta Banded Martin Riparia cincta Tachycineta Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina Golden Swallow Tachycineta euchrysea Bahama Swallow Tachycineta cyaneoviridis Tumbes Swallow Tachycineta stolzmanni Mangrove Swallow Tachycineta albilinea White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa Chilean Swallow Tachycineta meyeni Progne Purple Martin Progne subis Cuban Martin Progne cryptoleuca Caribbean Martin Progne dominicensis Sinaloa Martin Progne sinaloae Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Galapagos Martin Progne modesta Peruvian Martin Progne murphyi Southern Martin Progne elegans Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera Notiochelidon Brown-bellied Swallow Notiochelidon murina Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca Pale-footed Swallow Notiochelidon flavipes Black-capped Swallow Notiochelidon pileata Haplochelidon Andean Swallow Neochelidon andecola Atticora White-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata Black-collared Swallow Atticora melanoleuca Neochelidon White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis Stelgidopteryx Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Alopochelidon Tawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata Hirundo Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Red-chested Swallow Hirundo lucida Angolan Swallow Hirundo angolensis Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena White-throated Swallow Hirundo albigularis Ethiopian Swallow Hirundo aethiopica Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii White-throated Blue Swallow Hirundo nigrita Pied-winged Swallow Hirundo leucosoma White-tailed Swallow Hirundo megaensis Pearl-breasted Swallow Hirundo dimidiata Montane Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea Black-and-rufous Swallow Hirundo nigrorufa Ptyonoprogne Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula Dusky Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne concolor Delichon House Martin Delichon urbicum Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus Nepal House Martin Delichon nipalense Cecropis Greater Striped Swallow Cecropis cucullata Lesser Striped Swallow Cecropis abyssinica Rufous-chested Swallow Cecropis semirufa Mosque Swallow Cecropis senegalensis Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica Striated Swallow Cecropis striolata Rufous-bellied Swallow Cecropis badia Petrochelidon Red-throated Swallow Petrochelidon rufigula Preuss's Swallow Petrochelidon preussi Red Sea Swallow Petrochelidon perdita South African Swallow Petrochelidon spilodera Forest Swallow Petrochelidon fuliginosa Streak-throated Swallow Petrochelidon fluvicola Fairy Martin Petrochelidon ariel Tree Martin Petrochelidon nigricans Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cave Swallow Petrochelidon fulva Chestnut-collared Swallow Petrochelidon rufocollaris References Turner, Angela, Chris Rose (1989). Swallows and martins: an identification guide and handbook. Houghton-Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-51174-7. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hirundinidae Swallow videos on the Internet Bird Collection paper The evolution of nest construction in swallows (Hirundinidae) is associated with the decrease of clutch size in Linzer Biologische Beiträge Search Term: "Swallow" Categories: Hirundinidae | Heraldic birds

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